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We all know that cell division is a fundamental process that takes place in every living organism. But have you ever wondered how this process occurs? Well, it all starts with DNA replication. DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA. This is a critical step that happens before cell division. The new cells that are created after division need to contain the same genetic information as the parent cell. Otherwise, the new cells won’t function properly. During DNA replication, an enzyme called DNA helicase unwinds the double helix structure of DNA. This creates two replication forks where DNA polymerase can start synthesizing new strands of DNA. The polymerase reads the sequence of nucleotides on the parent strand and uses this information to create a complementary strand. DNA replication is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of several enzymes and proteins. One of the key players is DNA polymerase, which is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand. But what happens when DNA replication goes wrong? Errors in DNA replication can lead to mutations that can cause diseases like cancer. That’s why there are several safeguards in place to ensure that DNA replication occurs accurately. One of these safeguards is proofreading. DNA polymerase has a built-in proofreading function that allows it to detect and correct errors as it synthesizes new DNA strands. If an error is detected, the polymerase will backtrack and correct the mistake before proceeding. Now let’s talk about cell division. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the process by which a cell divides into four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis is itself divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the duplicated chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Finally, during telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromatids, and the cell divides into two daughter cells. So why is cell division important? Well, for one thing, it allows organisms to grow and develop. Without cell division, there would be no way for cells to increase in number and differentiate into specialized cell types. Cell division also plays a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration. In conclusion, DNA replication and cell division are two fundamental processes that allow living organisms to grow, develop, and repair. DNA replication ensures that new cells have the same genetic information as their parent cells, while cell division allows for the growth and development of tissues and organs. Understanding these processes is essential for understanding how living organisms function and for developing new treatments for diseases like cancer.

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BIOLOGY LECTURE ON CELL DIVISION(MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)

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Importance Of Dna Replication Before Cell Division - Cell Division

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